GLOSSARY

Ai-yotsu – Same grip used by both persons, e.g. right on right

Ashi –  Foot/Leg

Ashi-Waza – Foot techniques

Atemi-Waza – Striking techniques

Ayumi Ashi – Ordinary pattern of walking

Batsugun – Instant promotion in gradings

Budo – Martial ways

Bujutsu – Martial arts

Bushido – Way of the warrior

Chui – Penalty (no longer used)

Dan – Black belt rank

Debana – Instant of opportunity to break balance as opponent initiates a motion

Dojo – School or training hall for studying the way

Eri – Collar, lapel

Fusegi – Escapes

Fudoshin – Immovable spirit

Fusen Gachi – Win by default

Goshin Jutsu – Art of self defense

Hajime – Begin/start

Hando-no-Kuzushi – Unbalancing by reaction

Hansoku-make – Most serious penalty, disqualification

Hantei – Referee call for judge’s decision

Happo-no-Kuzushi – Kuzushi (unbalancing opponent) in 8 directions

Hara – Stomach

Hidari – Left

Hiji – Elbow

Hiki-wake – No decision, tie or draw

Hikite – Pulling hand, usually the hand gripping a sleeve

Hiza – Knee

Ippon – Victory in one move, one point

Jigotai – Defensive posture

Jikan – Referee call to stop the clock

Jita Kyoei – Principle of mutual prosperity

Joseki – Place of honor, upper seat

Judo – The Way of Gentleness or Adaptation

Judo Ichidai – A Judo life, spending one’s life in the diligent pursuit of Judo

Judogi – Judo practice uniform

Judoka – One who studies Judo

Ju-no-Kata – Forms of gentleness and flexibility

Ju-no-Ri – Principle of flexibility or yielding

Jujutsu – Gentle art

Kaeshi-Waza – Counter techniques

Kake – Completion or execution of technique

Kansetsu-Waza – Joint locking techniques

Kappo – Resuscitation techniques

Kata – Forms

Kata – Shoulder

Katame-no-kata – Forms of grappling

Katsu – Resuscitation

Keikoku – Penalty (no longer used)

Kenka Yotsu – Opposite grips used by each person, e.g. one right/one left

Kiai – To gather spirit with a shout

Kime-no-Kata – Forms of decision

Kinshi-Waza – Techniques prohibited in competition

Ki o tsuke – Attention

Kodansha – High ranking judoka — 5th dan and above

Kodokan Judo Institute – Where Judo was founded in Tokyo, Japan

Kogeki Seyo – Order for judoka to attack

Koka – Lowest quality of score, less than a yuko (no longer used)

Koshi – Hip

Koshi-Waza – Hip techniques

Kubi – Neck

Kumikata – Gripping methods

Kuzure – Modified hold

Kuzushi – Unbalancing the opponent

Kyoshi – Instructor

Kyu – Student rank

Maai – Space or engagement distance

Mae – Forward, front

Mae Sabaki – Frontal escape

Mae Ukemi – Breakfall when falling forward

Masutemi-Waza – Back sacrifice throws

Mate – Stop (wait)

Migi – Right

Mudansha – Students below black belt rank

Mune – Chest

Nage – Throw

Nage-no-Kata – Forms of throwing

Nagekomi – Repetitive throwing practice

Nage-Waza – Throwing techniques

Ne-Waza – Techniques on the ground

Obi – Judo belt

Okuden – Secret teachings

Osaekomi – Pin, referee call to begin timing

Osaekomi-Waza – Pinning techniques

Osaekomi Toketa – Escape, stop timing of hold

Randori – Free practice

Randori-no-Kata Forms of free practice techniques

Randori Waza – Techniques for free practice

Rei – Bow

Reiho – Forms of respect, manners, etiquette

Renraku-Waza – Combination techniques

Ritsurei – Standing bow

Seika Tanden – A point in the abdomen that is the center of gravity

Seiryoku Zenyo – Principle of maximum efficiency

Seiza – Formal kneeling posture

Sen – Attack initiative

Sensei – Teacher, instructor

Shiai – Contest

Shiaijo – Competition area

Shido – Penalty

Shihan – Title for a model teacher or “teacher who sets the standard” (i.e. Kano-shihan)

Shime-Waza – Choking techniques

Shinpan – Referee

Shintai – Moving forwards, sideways & backwards

Shisei – Posture

Shizentai – Natural posture

Shomen – Dojo front

Sode – Sleeve

Soke – Founder of a martial art or ryu

Sono Mama – Stop action; command to freeze

Sore Made – Finished, time is up

Sute Geiko – Randori throwing practice against a higher level judoka

Sutemi-Waza – Sacrifice techniques

Tachi-Waza – Standing techniques

Tai Sabaki – Body control, turning

Tatami – Mat

Te – Hand, arm

Te-Waza – Hand techniques

Tekubi – Wrist

Tokui-Waza – Favorite or best technique

Tori – Person performing a technique

Tsugi-Ashi – Walking by bringing one foot up to another

Tsukuri – Entry into a technique, positioning

Tsurite – Lifting hand (usually on the lapel)

Uchikomi – Repeated practice without completion

Ude – Arm

Uke – Person receiving the technique

Ukemi – Breakfall techniques

Ushiro – Backward, rear

Ushiro Sabaki – Back movement control

Ushiro Ukemi – Breakfalls falling backward

Waki – Armpit

Waza – Technique

Waza Ari – A score for a technique of high quality but not as high as an Ippon or Osaekomi held for 10-19 seconds

Waza ari Awasete Ippon – Two waza-ari together for ippon

Yakusoku Geiko (or renshu) – Pre-arranged free practice

Yoko – Side

Yoko Kaiten Ukemi – Sideways rolling break fall

Yoko Sutemi-Waza – Side sacrifice throws

Yoko Ukemi – Breakfalls falling sideways

Yoshi – Resume action, continue

Yubi – Finger

Yudansha – Person who earned the black belt

Yudanshakai – Black belt association

Yuko – Lower quality of score, less than a waza-ari but more than a Koka (no loner used)

Yusei Gachi – Win by judge’s decision

Zanshin – Awareness

Zarei – Kneeling salutation

Zenpo Kaiten – Ukemi Forward rolling break fall

Zubon – Pant