GLOSSARY
Ai-yotsu – Same grip used by both persons, e.g. right on right
Ashi – Foot/Leg
Ashi-Waza – Foot techniques
Atemi-Waza – Striking techniques
Ayumi Ashi – Ordinary pattern of walking
Batsugun – Instant promotion in gradings
Budo – Martial ways
Bujutsu – Martial arts
Bushido – Way of the warrior
Chui – Penalty (no longer used)
Dan – Black belt rank
Debana – Instant of opportunity to break balance as opponent initiates a motion
Dojo – School or training hall for studying the way
Eri – Collar, lapel
Fusegi – Escapes
Fudoshin – Immovable spirit
Fusen Gachi – Win by default
Goshin Jutsu – Art of self defense
Hajime – Begin/start
Hando-no-Kuzushi – Unbalancing by reaction
Hansoku-make – Most serious penalty, disqualification
Hantei – Referee call for judge’s decision
Happo-no-Kuzushi – Kuzushi (unbalancing opponent) in 8 directions
Hara – Stomach
Hidari – Left
Hiji – Elbow
Hiki-wake – No decision, tie or draw
Hikite – Pulling hand, usually the hand gripping a sleeve
Hiza – Knee
Ippon – Victory in one move, one point
Jigotai – Defensive posture
Jikan – Referee call to stop the clock
Jita Kyoei – Principle of mutual prosperity
Joseki – Place of honor, upper seat
Judo – The Way of Gentleness or Adaptation
Judo Ichidai – A Judo life, spending one’s life in the diligent pursuit of Judo
Judogi – Judo practice uniform
Judoka – One who studies Judo
Ju-no-Kata – Forms of gentleness and flexibility
Ju-no-Ri – Principle of flexibility or yielding
Jujutsu – Gentle art
Kaeshi-Waza – Counter techniques
Kake – Completion or execution of technique
Kansetsu-Waza – Joint locking techniques
Kappo – Resuscitation techniques
Kata – Forms
Kata – Shoulder
Katame-no-kata – Forms of grappling
Katsu – Resuscitation
Keikoku – Penalty (no longer used)
Kenka Yotsu – Opposite grips used by each person, e.g. one right/one left
Kiai – To gather spirit with a shout
Kime-no-Kata – Forms of decision
Kinshi-Waza – Techniques prohibited in competition
Ki o tsuke – Attention
Kodansha – High ranking judoka — 5th dan and above
Kodokan Judo Institute – Where Judo was founded in Tokyo, Japan
Kogeki Seyo – Order for judoka to attack
Koka – Lowest quality of score, less than a yuko (no longer used)
Koshi – Hip
Koshi-Waza – Hip techniques
Kubi – Neck
Kumikata – Gripping methods
Kuzure – Modified hold
Kuzushi – Unbalancing the opponent
Kyoshi – Instructor
Kyu – Student rank
Maai – Space or engagement distance
Mae – Forward, front
Mae Sabaki – Frontal escape
Mae Ukemi – Breakfall when falling forward
Masutemi-Waza – Back sacrifice throws
Mate – Stop (wait)
Migi – Right
Mudansha – Students below black belt rank
Mune – Chest
Nage – Throw
Nage-no-Kata – Forms of throwing
Nagekomi – Repetitive throwing practice
Nage-Waza – Throwing techniques
Ne-Waza – Techniques on the ground
Obi – Judo belt
Okuden – Secret teachings
Osaekomi – Pin, referee call to begin timing
Osaekomi-Waza – Pinning techniques
Osaekomi Toketa – Escape, stop timing of hold
Randori – Free practice
Randori-no-Kata Forms of free practice techniques
Randori Waza – Techniques for free practice
Rei – Bow
Reiho – Forms of respect, manners, etiquette
Renraku-Waza – Combination techniques
Ritsurei – Standing bow
Seika Tanden – A point in the abdomen that is the center of gravity
Seiryoku Zenyo – Principle of maximum efficiency
Seiza – Formal kneeling posture
Sen – Attack initiative
Sensei – Teacher, instructor
Shiai – Contest
Shiaijo – Competition area
Shido – Penalty
Shihan – Title for a model teacher or “teacher who sets the standard” (i.e. Kano-shihan)
Shime-Waza – Choking techniques
Shinpan – Referee
Shintai – Moving forwards, sideways & backwards
Shisei – Posture
Shizentai – Natural posture
Shomen – Dojo front
Sode – Sleeve
Soke – Founder of a martial art or ryu
Sono Mama – Stop action; command to freeze
Sore Made – Finished, time is up
Sute Geiko – Randori throwing practice against a higher level judoka
Sutemi-Waza – Sacrifice techniques
Tachi-Waza – Standing techniques
Tai Sabaki – Body control, turning
Tatami – Mat
Te – Hand, arm
Te-Waza – Hand techniques
Tekubi – Wrist
Tokui-Waza – Favorite or best technique
Tori – Person performing a technique
Tsugi-Ashi – Walking by bringing one foot up to another
Tsukuri – Entry into a technique, positioning
Tsurite – Lifting hand (usually on the lapel)
Uchikomi – Repeated practice without completion
Ude – Arm
Uke – Person receiving the technique
Ukemi – Breakfall techniques
Ushiro – Backward, rear
Ushiro Sabaki – Back movement control
Ushiro Ukemi – Breakfalls falling backward
Waki – Armpit
Waza – Technique
Waza Ari – A score for a technique of high quality but not as high as an Ippon or Osaekomi held for 10-19 seconds
Waza ari Awasete Ippon – Two waza-ari together for ippon
Yakusoku Geiko (or renshu) – Pre-arranged free practice
Yoko – Side
Yoko Kaiten Ukemi – Sideways rolling break fall
Yoko Sutemi-Waza – Side sacrifice throws
Yoko Ukemi – Breakfalls falling sideways
Yoshi – Resume action, continue
Yubi – Finger
Yudansha – Person who earned the black belt
Yudanshakai – Black belt association
Yuko – Lower quality of score, less than a waza-ari but more than a Koka (no loner used)
Yusei Gachi – Win by judge’s decision
Zanshin – Awareness
Zarei – Kneeling salutation
Zenpo Kaiten – Ukemi Forward rolling break fall
Zubon – Pant